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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2025
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    63-76
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    19
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

There have been many studies onsexual crimes, but there has been nostudy on sexual crimes of neutral and transgender individuals.Therefore, this study is a descriptive and analytical studyin response to thequestion of what is the punishment for neutral and transgender sexual crimes inImami jurisprudence,Iranian law,and Egyptian law?Therefore, byusing content analysis methods and logical inference from library sources, some results have been reached. According to the rules and regulations ofIranian law andImami jurisprudence,transgender and non-problematic neutral individuals are subject tohadd punishments if they commit sexual crimes, but if a problematic neutral commits the same crimes, they are not entitled to hadd. Because due to the doubt about whether the penis is the original or an appendage, the hadd is removed from them, and here the rule of Dara is to remove their criminal responsibility. However, they are entitled to ta'zir because of their forbidden work. Also, any person who hasa sexual disorder andcommits crimes such as sodomy, sexual intercourse, masturbation, etc.is entitled to ta’zir, and the judge determines the amount and type of punishment.This iswhile in Egyptian criminal law,neutral and transgender people are considered healthy and normal people, and their punishment is determined according towhether thecrime is public or not.Therefore, thepunishment that the legislator canimpose on them islife imprisonment withhard labor,one-year imprisonment, ora fine.In fact, theEgyptian legislator hasbenefited from French andcommon law laws withrespect tosexual crimes, andhas imposed simple andlimited punishments withrespect t moral corruption, andpunishments such asexecution andflogging arenot seen in it, which arespecific to Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian law.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    23
  • Issue: 

    93
  • Pages: 

    107-135
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    42
  • Downloads: 

    11
Abstract: 

Hate crime is a term attributed to the crimes resulting from prejudice or hatred on the basis of qualities (under support) such as race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. A fault with Iran’s penal code is this that it lacks a specified legislative criminal policy for the transgender individuals. In this paper, the principle question is whether criminal acts against transgender people can be identified as a certain type of hate crime in current penal system or not. If yes, how it can be justified based on Imam Khomeini’s thoughts? We have tried to analyze the issue with a descriptive-analytical method with an approach based on Imam Khomeini’s views. In this connection, Imam Khomeini’s practical conduct is not zero tolerance toward transgender people; rather his approach, in word and action, entails maximum support of the transgender people and supporting any move to remove legal obstacles before them. Such supportive approach can be extended from jurisprudential-legal prescription for gender transitioning in transgender people to supporting them in post-victimization period. This is because transgender people are counted among potential victims, or in more precise term, “hidden victims”. As a result, a sort of segregated criminal policy, including aggravating criminal support (criminal support along with aggravating circumstances) can be adopted toward these victims.

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Author(s): 

Journal: 

PLOS ONE

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2017
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

    8
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    75
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 75

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1380
  • Volume: 

    25
  • Issue: 

    4-3
  • Pages: 

    123-127
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    493
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

مقدمه: پیشنهاد شده است که منطقه خنثی برای چیدن دندانها در پروتز کامل مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. اگر چه وسط ریج باقیمانده هنوز برای منظور فوق توسط دندانپزشکان قرار می گیرد.مواد و روشها: برای مقایسه این دو الگو تعداد 20 بیمار شامل 6 زن و 14 مرد با میانگین سنی 51 و 54 سال انتخاب گردیدند.مشابه موارد معمول قالب اولیه گرفته و تری اختصاصی با نوار مومی مناسب تهیه شد. بعد از ثبت لبه قالب نهایی گرفته شد. در مرحله بعد سطوح باکال ولینگوال نوار مومی با خمیر آلژینات پوشانده و در دهان بیمار قرار داده شد تا ناحیه خنثی را ثبت نماید از بیمار خواسته شد که عضلات مرتبط را حرکت بدهد.بعد از ریختن قالب نهایی سطوح باکال و لینگوال قالب نیز با گچ هبت گردید. نقطه وسط ریج و وسط منطقه خنثی مشخص و اندازه گیری شد.یافته ها و نتیجه گیری: بعد از تهیه جدول، نتایج نهایی نشان داد که: 112 مورد اندازه گیری وسط منطقه خنثی لینگوالی تر و 46 مورد با کالی تر قرار گرفته و 18 مورد بر هم منطبق بودند.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 493

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Journal: 

مجازی

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    123-127
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    478
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

مقدمهپیشنهاد شده است که منطقه خنثی برای چیدن دندانها در پروتز کامل مورد استافده قرار گیرد. اگرچه وسط ریج باقیمانده هنوز برای منظور فوق توسط دندانپزشکان قرار می¬گیرد.مواد و روشهابرای مقایسه این دو الگو تعداد 20 بیمار شامل 6 زن و 14 مرد با میانگین سنی 51 و 54 سال انتخاب گردیدند.مشابه موارد معمولی قالب اولیه گرفته و تری اختصاصی با نوار مومی مناسب تهیه شد. بعد از ثبت لبه قالب نهایی گرفته شد. در مرحله بعد سطوح باکال و لینگوال نوار مومی با خمیر آلژینات پوشانده و در دهان بیمار قرار داده شد تا ناحیه خنثی را ثبت نماید از بیمار خواسته شد که عضلات مرتبط را حرکت بدهد.بعد از ریختن قالب نهایی سطوح باکال و لینگوال قالب نیز با گچ هبت گردید. نقطه وسط ریج و وسط منطقه خنثی مشخص و اندازه¬گیری شد.یافته¬ها و نتیجه¬گیریبعد از تهیه جدول، نتایج نهایی نشان داد که: 112 مورد اندازه¬گیری وسط منطقه خنثی لینگوالی تر و 46 مورد با کالی¬تر قرار گرفته و 18 مورد بر هم منطبق بودند.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

BIABANI Q.H.

Journal: 

KARAGAH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    2
  • Issue: 

    5
  • Pages: 

    68-100
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1140
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The most dangerous crimes which threaten our economic, social and even political security, due its unique characteristics, are organized crimes which has emerged in new shapes as the technology progresses. Because of the complexity of criminal groups and their networks and accomplices it greatly affects the economy, politics and the international society. It is not easy to detect all of their activities but most of them are organizations which have strong and rich communities. The total assest of some of these organizations may be as huge as some countries total budget. Their target is profit seeking rather than getting political strength. According to Interpol research report, fourteen percents of the GBP for developing countries and two percents of the GBP for developed countries is consumed by them. This research investigates the organized crimes in a documentary method. Reinforcing the combating tools and signing new regional and international contracts for cooperation's between police forces as well as legal cooperations can reduce their threats.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    44
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    22-38
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    9
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 9

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    5
  • Issue: 

    18
  • Pages: 

    83-103
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1430
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Transsexuality is one of the issues that have recently been put forward in legal, social, and medical communities and has attracted the attention of the experts. "Transgender" means reversing gender from male to female and vice versa. The issues concerning bisexual people or bisexuality is not a novel phenomenon; rather, since past times there have lived people with bisexual disorders. Transsexualism and transvestism are two of sexual deviations. Regarding the definition for transgender, there is not complete consensus among the lawyers, sociologists, biologists, psychologists, scholars of ethics, and psyehiatrists. With regard to the importance of family, identifying the damages to this institution is also of great importance. The present research addresses such issues as the effect of transgender on committing illegitimate crimes, etc. Furthermore, it examines the various issues of transsexuality from the viewpoint of criminology. Finally, some points will be allotted to the problem of transgender from judicial policy perspective.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

Pereira Jr. Alfredo

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2024
  • Volume: 

    26
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    141-170
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    9
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The aim of this paper is to dissociate Metaphysics and Theology. In Metaphysics, I propose a Neutral Monist foundation of the Being of Reality, which is, therefore, not material or ideal, but a cosmic field of possibilities that generate both domains. God is conceived as one possibility embedded in the Being of Reality that may or may not become actual, depending on conditions established by the evolution of the Cosmos. As far as we know, the conditions for actualization of God are satisfied by human consciousness. The relation between the Being of Reality and its outcomes, as the realization of God in human society, is one of actualization of potentialities, as in Aristotelian philosophy. This approach leads to a Feuerbachian view of God as emergent in social conscious experience, achieving embodied expression in human social practices, from the legitimate symbolic message of prophets, in sacred texts, rituals, images, buildings and social institutions implemented by religious organizations.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2013
  • Volume: 

    20
Measures: 
  • Views: 

    126
  • Downloads: 

    78
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

NITRATION IS ONE OF THE OLDEST AND MOST EXTENSIVELY STUDIED REACTIONS. MOREOVER, THIS PROCESS HAS BEEN FAVORED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF EXPLOSIVES, DYES, PLASTICS, AND INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS [1]. AROMATIC NITRATION IS IMPORTANT, BECAUSE IT IS A CONVENIENT WAY OF ADDING AN AMINO GROUP TO THE RING...

Yearly Impact:   مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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